Reactions we run well: Friedel-Crafts acylation, bromination, chlorination, Grignard reactions, coupling, asymmetric chiral synthesis (including asymmetric reduction and alkylation), heterocyclic synthesis, reduction, Hofmann rearrangement and other standard reactions.

Friedel-Crafts acylation

Friedel-Crafts acylation is a classical route for acylating organic compounds, for example Ar-H + RCOCl → Ar-CO-R + HCl.

Grignard reaction

The Grignard reaction is a classical method for alkylating organic compounds. We often use Grignard reagents to make intermediates and active ingredients for pharmaceutical chemicals. With the dry local air, batch scale runs from 500 kg to several tonnes per kettle.

R-X+Mg→R-MgX

RMgX + H₂O → RH + Mg(OH)X

RMgX + ROH → RH + ROMgX

RMgX + RCOOH → RH + RCOOMgX

RMgX + NH₃ → RH + NH₂MgX

RMgX + RNH₂ → RH + RNHMgX

RMgX + RC≡CH → RH + RC≡CMgX

Bromination

Bromination is the classical route to the bromine series.

CH₃COOC₂H₅ + Br₂ → BrCH₂COOC₂H₅ + HBr

ClCH₂C≡CH + HBr → ClCH₂CH₂CH₂Br

3 RCOOH + PBr₃ → 3 RCOBr + HP(O)(OH)₂

Acid chloride formation

Sulfonyl chloride, oxalyl chloride, chlorine and hydrogen chloride are commonly used to form acid chlorides. For example:

R-COOH + SOCl₂ → R-COCl + SO₂ + HCl 

R-COOH + PCl₃ → R-COCl + HOPCl₂

Nitration

Organic compounds are converted into nitro (-NO₂) compounds. Nitration of aromatic hydrocarbons is the most important route to aromatic nitro compounds. Nitrating agents include nitric acid and nitryl halides (NOX),
nitronium tetrafluoroborate and others. A mixture of sulfuric acid and nitric acid is the most common.

Ar─H+HNO₃→Ar─NO₂+H₂O

C₇H₈ + HNO₃ → C₇H₇NO₂ + H₂O